Graphene-based electrostatic storage
Beyond the limits of electrochemical batteries
A new way to store energy: an electrostatic technology based on the fundamental principles of physics, not on chemical reactions.
Graphene electrostatic supercapacitors
Safety, stability, and zero risk.
In the energy storage sector, SAENSS develops and distributes advanced graphene-based electrostatic storage solutions, engineered to overcome the structural limitations of traditional electrochemical batteries, particularly lithium-based ones.
Graphene electrostatic storage represents a technological platform designed for industrial, infrastructure, and energy applications where reliability, safety, and sustainability are non-negotiable.
Two fundamentally different approaches to energy storage
SAENSS Graphene-Based Electrostatic Storage
SAENSS systems store energy through a purely electrostatic process: electric charge is accumulated at the interfaces between electrodes, with no internal chemical reactions.
The use of graphene, a two-dimensional material with extraordinary physical properties, enables:
From a physics standpoint, energy is contained within the electric field generated by charge separation. This translates into:
It is an inherently stable approach, built to last.
Lithium-Ion Electrochemical Batteries
Lithium batteries operate on a different principle: energy is stored through chemical redox reactions involving the electrodes and the electrolyte.
During each cycle:
While this allows for high energy density, it introduces structural limitations:
Two fundamentally different approaches to energy storage
SAENSS Graphene-Based Electrostatic Storage
SAENSS systems store energy through a purely electrostatic process: electric charge is accumulated at the interfaces between electrodes, with no internal chemical reactions.
The use of graphene, a two-dimensional material with extraordinary physical properties, enables:
From a physics standpoint, energy is contained within the electric field generated by charge separation. This translates into:
It is an inherently stable approach, built to last.
Lithium-Ion Electrochemical Batteries
Lithium batteries operate on a different principle: energy is stored through chemical redox reactions involving the electrodes and the electrolyte.
During each cycle:
While this allows for high energy density, it introduces structural limitations:
SAENSS funziona attraverso separazione elettrostatica delle cariche. Gli elettrodi in grafene ad altissima area superficiale (fino a 2600 m²/g) accumulano cariche elettriche sulla superficie, senza movimento ionico, senza elettrolita liquido, senza reazioni chimiche. L’energia è immagazzinata in forma di campo elettrico puro tra le armature del condensatore.
Le batterie elettrochimiche – litio-ione (NMC, NCA, LFP), sodio-ione, litio-metallo, flow batteries – accumulano energia attraverso reazioni redox reversibili. Gli ioni si muovono tra anodo e catodo attraverso un elettrolita, modificando la struttura cristallina degli elettrodi. Questo processo genera sempre calore, crea pressioni interne, provoca stress meccanici e degrado irreversibile.
Tecnicamente: capacità C = ε₀εᵣA/d, dove l’area A è massimizzata dal grafene nanostrutturato e la distanza d è minimizzata dalla tecnologia di incapsulamento. L’energia accumulata E = ½CV² è puramente elettrostatica, reversibile al 100% senza trasformazioni chimiche.
Technology comparison
Technology comparison
Parameter
Cell
Storage Module
Electrochemical Batteries (LiFePO4 / NMC)
Sodium Batteries (Na-ion)
Sources
Life cycles
Cell life: 500,000 cycles
500,000 cyclesModule life: 50,000 cycles (limit due to relays, switches, wiring, etc.)
- 2,000–3,000 cycles (DoD 100%, 1C)
- 3,500–5,000 cycles (DoD 80%)
- 7,000–10,000 cycles (DoD 50-60%, 0.5C)
- 2,000–4,000 cycles (CATL Gen2)
- 3,000 cycles (Faradion)
- 4,500 cycles (Tiamat)
Litio: Ecker 2014; Wang 2014; Keil & Jossen 2017
Sodio: CATL 2023; Faradion 2022; Tiamat 2023
RTE – Round Trip Efficiency
98%
98%
- 92–95% (LFP)
- 88–92% (NMC)
85–92% (depends on hard-carbon anode and temperature)
Litio: NREL 2020; Sandia Labs
Sodio: CATL 2023; Faradion 2022
Degradation
0%
0%
2–3%/year + cyclic degradation
1–2%/year
NREL; Faradion; Tiamat
Thermal runaway
Impossible
Impossible
Possible
Highly improbable
IEC 62660; UL 2580; CATL Safety Report 2023
Depth of Discharge (DoD)
100%
100%
85–90% recommended
90–100%
Ecker 2014; Faradion 2022
Temperature range
–20°C / +60°C
–20°C / +60°C
−10°C / +45°C (rapid degradation above 45°C)
–20°C / +60°C
Zheng 2016; CATL Na‑ion 2023
Dynamic response
Milliseconds
Milliseconds
Seconds / minutes
Seconds
–
Maintenance
Zero
Zero
Replacement every 7-10 years
Replacement every 7-10 years
–
Materials
Non-critical (C, Al)
Non-critical
Critical (Li, Ni, Co, Mn)
Non-critical (Na, Fe, C)
Faradion; Tiamat; CATL
Cell
Life cycles
Cell life: 500,000 cycles
RTE – Round Trip Efficiency
98%
0%
Thermal runaway
Impossible
Depth of Discharge (DoD)
100%
Temperature range
–20°C / +60°C
Dynamic response
Milliseconds
Zero
Materials
Non-critical (C, Al)
Sources: Ecker 2014; Wang 2014; Keil & Jossen 2017 • NREL 2020; Sandia Labs • CATL 2023; Faradion 2022; Tiamat 2023 • IEC 62660; UL 2580; CATL Safety Report 2023 • Zheng 2016
Storage Module
Life cycles
Vita modulo: 50.000 cicli
RTE – Round Trip Efficiency
98%
0%
Thermal runaway
Impossible
Depth of Discharge (DoD)
100%
Temperature range
–20°C / +60°C
Dynamic response
Milliseconds
Zero
Materials
Non-critical
Sources: Ecker 2014; Wang 2014; Keil & Jossen 2017 • NREL 2020; Sandia Labs • CATL 2023; Faradion 2022; Tiamat 2023 • IEC 62660; UL 2580; CATL Safety Report 2023 • Zheng 2016
Electrochemical Batteries (LiFePO4 / NMC)
Life cycles
- 2,000–3,000 cycles (DoD 100%, 1C)
- 3,500–5,000 cycles (DoD 80%)
- 7,000–10,000 cycles (DoD 50-60%, 0.5C)
RTE – Round Trip Efficiency
- 92–95% (LFP)
- 88–92% (NMC)
2–3%/year + cyclic degradation
Thermal runaway
Possible
Depth of Discharge (DoD)
85–90% recommended
Temperature range
−10°C / +45°C (rapid degradation above 45°C)
Dynamic response
Seconds / minutes
Replacement every 7-10 years
Materials
Critical (Li, Ni, Co, Mn)
Sources: Ecker 2014; Wang 2014; Keil & Jossen 2017 • NREL 2020; Sandia Labs • CATL 2023; Faradion 2022; Tiamat 2023 • IEC 62660; UL 2580; CATL Safety Report 2023 • Zheng 2016
Sodium Batteries (Na-ion)
Life cycles
- 2,000–4,000 cycles (CATL Gen2)
- 3,000 cycles (Faradion)
- 4,500 cycles (Tiamat)
RTE – Round Trip Efficiency
85–92% (depends on hard-carbon anode and temperature)
1–2%/year
Thermal runaway
Highly improbable
Depth of Discharge (DoD)
90–100%
Temperature range
–20°C / +60°C
Dynamic response
Seconds
Replacement every 7-10 years
Materials
Non-critical (Na, Fe, C)
Sources: Ecker 2014; Wang 2014; Keil & Jossen 2017 • NREL 2020; Sandia Labs • CATL 2023; Faradion 2022; Tiamat 2023 • IEC 62660; UL 2580; CATL Safety Report 2023 • Zheng 2016
Choose SAENSS for safe, reliable energy storage.
Advantages
Why choose SAENSS technology?
Safety
No risk of thermal runaway.
SAENSS isthe security that protects both people and the environment.
Lifespan & Efficiency
Consistent performance with zero degradation for over 20 years.
500,000 cycles, 100% DoD, 98% RTE
Shared Spaces
Zero restrictions and zero barriers for homes, hospitals, offices, businesses, communities, and marine vessels.
Extreme Temperatures
From the desert to the Arctic: consistently stable performance.
Continuous operation from -30°C to +70°C
Recyclable & Responsible
No invasive mining, no critical waste, only materials with a low environmental impact
High-Intensity Cycling
A superior C-rate maximizes arbitrage: more cycles, higher value, increased margins
Safety: a structural difference, not an add-on
Lithium-ion electrochemical batteries present an inherent risk known as thermal runaway: a sequence of exothermic chemical reactions that can lead to fire, explosion, and the release of toxic gases.
«All current generation of lithium-ion batteries always carry an inherent risk of so-called thermal runaway, which can result in fires, explosions and release of toxic and flammable gases.» Edwards et al., Fire Technology – Springer Nature
This risk is not a design flaw, but a physical consequence of the internal chemical processes.
By relying on electrostatic storage, SAENSS systems:
Safety is not delegated to containment systems: it is intrinsic to the technology.
Sustainability and Environmental Impact
Lithium production entails significant environmental impacts:
- Intensive water consumption, often in already vulnerable areas
- Disruption of local ecosystems;
- Energy-intensive refining processes;
- End-of-life recycling challenges.
According to data from the U.S. Geological Survey, lithium extraction can require up to 1.9 million liters of water per ton of material produced, exacerbating the pressure on global water resources.
SAENSS adopts a technological approach that: